Neurology and Psychology

Clinical psychology focuses on assessing and treating mental and emotional disorders ranging from depression, anxiety to severe psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia in human beings. Clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession in many countries. Generally, clinical psychologists are trained within psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive behavioral therapy and systems or family therapy i.e. four primary theoretical orientations. Clinical psychologists treat mental disorders via talk therapy. Clinical psychologists teach people how to deal with stressful situations, overcome addictions, improve relationships with husbands, wives or parents, and overcome barriers that prevent people from reaching their potential. They also give psychological tests to assess cognitive strengths and weaknesses, personality characteristics, etc.

Neurological disorders are the diseases of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system i.e. the brain, spinal cord, carnival nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, muscles and neuromuscular junction. Many bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections can affect nervous system. Specific causes of neurological problems vary and include congenital abnormalities or disorders, genetic disorders, lifestyle, infections etc. There are more than 600 neurologic diseases according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. A neurological disability includes wide range of disorders like neuromuscular disorders, epilepsy, brain tumors and autism. 

A psychological disorder is an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that causes significant distress.  When a person experiences mood or cognitive issues or behavioral issues for a long time, a psychological assessment may be of benefit and a diagnosis of psychological disorder may ensue. Treatment often involves psychotherapy to work on behaviors, skill development and the thought process. A person may be hospitalized for coexisting medical problems, serious complications, serious disorders, or drug addiction. Medicines can be very helpful for certain psychological disorders.

Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the nervous system’s development and function. It has emerged from molecular biology and genetics advances and a desire in order to understand the connection between genes, behavior, brain and neurological disorders and diseases.

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, computer science and mathematical modeling to understand the fundamental and emerging properties of neurons, glia, and neural circuits. Each region of the brain affects a different area of ​​behavior and neurobiology aims to understand these behaviors and the connection to different parts of the brain. Neuroscientific studies have identified the role of the frontal lobe in contributing to personality, emotions, judgment, problem solving, abstract thinking, attention and planning.

Neurosurgery is the medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders that affect any part of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system and cerebrovascular system. The specialty of neurosurgical care includes adult and pediatric patients.

Clinical neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the scientific study of the fundamental mechanisms underlying diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system. He seeks to develop new ways of conceptualizing and diagnosing these disorders and, ultimately, to develop new treatments. Clinicians and scientists, including psychiatrists, neurologists, clinical psychologists, neuroscientists and other specialists, use the results of basic research in neuroscience in general and in clinical neuroscience in particular to develop diagnostic methods and ways to prevent and treat neurobiological disorders.

Cognitive neuroscience is a subfield of neuroscience that studies the biological processes that underlie human cognition, particularly with regard to the relationship between brain structures, activity, and cognitive functions. The purpose of it is to determine how the brain works and achieves performance. Cognitive neuroscience is considered a branch of both psychology and neuroscience because it combines the biological sciences with the behavioral sciences, such as psychiatry and psychology. Technologies that measure brain activity, such as functional neuroimaging, can provide insight into behavioral observations when behavioral data is insufficient.

Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of the physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. Biological psychology has continually been involved in the study of the physical basis for the reception of internal and external stimuli by the nervous system, particularly the visual and auditory systems.

Experimental psychology explores basic concepts, such as memory and motivation, in many fields, such as child, social, and educational psychology. Almost all work in experimental psychology is conducted in controlled environments, such as university research laboratories. While each branch of psychology strives to understand human behavior and thinking, experimental psychology focuses only on controlled experiments with designated variables, test subjects, and statistical results.

Behavioral genetics is an area of ​​scientific research that utilizes genetic methods in order to study the nature and origins of individual differences in behavior. While the name "behavioral genetics" connotes an emphasis on genetic influences, the field extensively studies the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence individual differences, using research designs that help eliminate gene confusion and the environment. The results of behavioral genetics research have greatly influenced modern understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. These include evidence that almost all of the behaviors studied are subject to a significant degree of genetic influence, and that this influence tends to increase as individuals reach adulthood.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a scientific technique that involves applying empirical approaches based on the principles of responding and operating conditioning to change socially important behavior. It is the applied form of behavior analysis; the other two forms are radical behaviorism and experimental analysis of behavior. ABA is effective for children and adults with psychological disorders in a variety of settings, including schools, homes, and clinics.

A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impaired personal functioning. These features can be persistent, recurrent, and relapsing, or occur as single episodes. Anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, personality disorders, post-traumatic disorders, psychotic disorders are some of the mental disorders.